|
|
Generation of large animal models using genome editing
Dvořáková, Nikola ; Ellederová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Kašpárek, Petr (referee)
The principle of gene engineering is the intervention to the DNA of the studied organism. After the discovery of the programmed endonucleases, there has been a great expansion of this technique and it also accelerated the possibilities to create large animal models. Until recently, large animal models were very difficult to be generated. These endonucleases include zinc finger nuclease (ZFN), transcription activator like effector nuclease (TALEN) and CRISPR/Cas9. All endonucleases produce locally specific splicing in the targeted segment of the genome. This splicing is most easily corrected by the non-homologous ends joining (NHEJ), so then it is possible to create a so -called knock-out (KO) model. The second type of repair is homologous recombination (HR) using a DNA template with homologous arms. This makes it possible to create a knock-in (KI) model that cannot be created without specific endonucleases in large animal models due to the low natural HR. This work summarizes the history, technique and the use of programmed endonucleases for the creation of large animal models. These models have a great use in biomedicine, mostly in preclinical research, they are also significant in agriculture and even in the environment protection. Key words: large animal model, transgenesis, genome editing,...
|
guest ::
